Most encyclopedias and dictionaries are created by compiling information from the authoritative works in their fields, but for this compilation Tyutyunnikov has taken a more novel approach. He has chosen to collect this information from the terms and definitions as found in Military Thought. Tyutyunnikov has meticulously combed Military Thought articles published in the last twenty years from to the last entry of August , picked out relevent terms and definitions, and then compiled them.
He is now a Candidate of Technical Sciences and Senior Researcher working in the defense industry, and has published over articles. It is important to emphasize that the terms and definitions he presents should not be considered to be officially, or even universally, accepted by the Russian defence community, although in some cases they may be.
Rather, these terms and definitions should be understood as only reflecting the point of view of the authors of the articles. In some cases, there are many different definitions for the same term, revealing not only the different views of the respective authors, but also how a definition of a term has changed over time.
There are important practical uses for such a compilation. This difference may appear to be an issue of semantics, but fully understanding the underlying model of Russian decision-making is essential if Western policy makers ever intend to transition from simply reacting to the Russian actions to proactively shaping those actions. Tyutyunnikov includes these three definitions:. Its essence and content consist in combat actions conducted both by regular army formations and by detachments of nongovernmental executors ideologically motivated gunmen, local small-town gangs, private punitive formations, international mercenaries, foreign "specialists" any connection with whom is officially denied , according to a uniform plan and intent to attain the same end objective Podberyozkin, a MGIMO Moscow State Institute of International Relations University professor, adds that such a war is conducted simultaneously in all the environments, by any means political, economic, informational, military, etc.
At that, still there is no precise, concrete and clear idea concerning the ways to conduct such wars, control systems, reconnaissance, communication, electronic warfare, and logistics makeup. Their performance capabilities in hybrid war conditions are unknown either Understanding a range of Russian views on a topic may not provide an easy answer to a given question, but it may provide the left and right limits of what that answer might be. In total, the volumes consist of entries classified under headings in three volumes.
The first volume consists of entries dealing with general Russian Armed Forces terminology, including entries devoted to war and peace, as well as military combat actions and the command and control of troops forces. The second volume consists of entries dealing with the organization of the Russian Armed Forces, including branches of the Russian Armed Forces Forces Ground Forces, Aerospace Forces, Navy, Airborne Troops, Strategic Rocket Forces , other elements within the Russian Armed Forces, military elements in other branches of government, support of military operations, weapons and military equipment, and military education.
At first glance, the most striking aspect of War and Peace in Terms and Definitions: A Military-Political Dictionary , is who was involved with its production. There was no material about izba-chitalnia units. There is an author index, an index of anonymous publications, an index according to city, and an index according to language. There is also a list of journals from which reviews were taken.
A detailed table of contents is provided at the end. Fokeev, V. Otechestvennaia bibliografiia: includes descriptions of scientific Soviet publications from journals and sborniki that appeared in territories of the former Soviet Union from January until December in all languages including foreign ones. For formal technical reasons, the descriptions of foreign language publications were given in translations into Russian. Otechestvennaia bibliografiia: was not comprehensive.
They did publish some of the counter revolutionary literature and more important publications from the areas of publishing, archives, museums, book sales, and library science. They excluded books on library personnel with the exceptions of publications of a general nature. Reviews of foreign bibliographic sources were not included because these were already shown in the work of Iu. Material was arranged according to their own system of Dewey and within their own subdivisions.
They listed material chronologically. The entries were based on catalog of the Russian State Library and also the published and unpublished works of B. Bondarskii, I. Vladiclavlev, M. Kufaev, Iu. Masanov, A. Mezer, G. Levin, A. Fomin and other specialists. Compiled by L. Dergacheva, V. Zimina, T. Tiutiaeva, Moskva, , p. Bibliotechnoe delo v pervye gody sovetskoi vlasti includes material about library matters from the years to published from to Special attention was given to any material produced by Lenin on libraries as well as that of his wife N.
It includes government decrees related to libraries, instructional and statistical materials, resolutions, conferences, lectures, and library reports. A chapter is devoted to the leading role the Communist party of the former Soviet Union took regarding library work.
Examples of chapters are as follows: library work in the first years of Soviet power; state management of libraries; organization and technology of the work of libraries; and the education of library cadres. Books, documentary publications, journal articles, sborniki articles, reviews, and dissertation abstracts published in the Russian language in the territories of the former Soviet Union were selected for this bibliography.
Central and provincial materials published separately and in supplements were also included. In addition to monographs, research articles, and dissertation abstracts, the bibliography includes textbooks and study materials for colleges and universities. Explanatory annotations are provided with some entries.
In addition, library guides and bibliographies on library matters were used. Moskva, Bibliograficheskie izvestiia: zhurnal, izdavaemyi russkim bibliograficheskim obshchestvom pri moskovskom universitete includes a section called Bibliografiia russkoi bibliografii written by B. Bibliografiia russkoi bibliografii includes works dedicated to bibliography in the strict sense such as theoretical works, guides, catalogs of book sellers, etc.
Also included were materials about the history of libraries, economy of libraries, and catalogs. Books, brochures, articles from journals and newspapers, and book chapters were included. They also included reviews of bibliographic works, and the reviews were placed with their subject matter rather than with their authors. Inclusion of material was based on Knizhnaia Letopis which came out weekly at the time.
They had to be selective because of the sheer volume of material produced. In regards to periodical literature, they limited materials to certain journals including Russkii Bibliofil, Bibliotekar, Knizhnyi Vestnik, and Novosti detskoi literatury. They also consulted journals of a general nature such as Izvestiia Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk and newspapers such as Russkii Vedomosti and Russkoe slovo.
Bibliographic description was based on the standards of the International Bibliographic Institut. Bibliografiia russkoi bibliografii appeared in Bibliograficheskie izvestiia as follows: quarterly in ; in two sections za ianvar to iiun and za iiul to dekabr from to ; in one section, bibliograficheskaia literatura za ianvar to dekabr , in , , and respectively; two sections, one for and one for in the issue; and one section for Although they were intended for publication, there was none from to Bibliografiia russkoi bibliografii was later published independently in the following volumes: tom 1 s g.
Vkliuch; and tom 4 za god. Masanov, Iu. The main part of Teoriia i praktika bibliografii: ukazatel literatury, contains literature about the questions of theory, history, methodology, and practices of bibliography published in the former Soviet Union from to and also most from The main part includes those books and articles that were completely devoted to issues regarding bibliographic research. Books were registered regardless of the language of the work. Articles from periodicals were mostly in Russian; however, articles from several special periodical publications in other languages of the republics of the former Soviet Union were also included.
Examples of these are the journal Bibliologichni visti, bibliograpiis moambe, and several others. Concerning articles about separate libraries, only those which were entirely devoted to bibliographic work were included. General textbooks on library work, multi-part publications on propaganda knigi, and similar books were not included. Rotaprint and small print run publications were partly represented since these were not often presented to the Vsesoiuznaia knizhnaia palata.
The index fully included the contents of the sborniki Sovetskaia bibliografiia from to and its predecessors, the journals Bibliografiia, bibliografiia i bibliotekovedenie, and the sbornik bibliografiia and i rabota nauchnykh bibliotek.
Since some materials published in the above mentioned publications go beyond the boundaries of the subject of this ukazatel, they were listed in a separate prilozhenie no. Reviews of bibliographic guides were listed in prilozhenie no.
Most material was described de visu. There are three indexes: author, title, and personalii. Sostavitel G. Levin, nauchnyi redactor V. Fokeev, Moskva, Bibliografiia, bibliografovedenie: ukazatel literatury, izdannoi v SSSR na russkom iazyke v gg: v 8 chastiakh chronologically continues Iu.
The index is intended for scientific work by bibliographers, teachers of bibliographic disciplines, graduate students, and specialists from closely related fields. The main sources were the currently published guides on library science and bibliographies and the State bibliographic materials. Books, brochures, official and legal documents, author dissertations, deposited manuscripts, journal articles, reviews, and other materials from continuing publications and non-continuing sborniki in the Russian language published from to were included.
Selectively, they incorporated the most important articles from encyclopedias and popular publications, including reviews of bibliographic works. Reviews of bibliographic works are listed at the end of the subject chapters. Not included were works that were published in print runs smaller than items. The index was published in eight parts. In the first part, there is a forward for the entire publication, a list of contents for all eight parts, a list of abbreviations for periodical and continuing publications, and a list of institutions and organizations.
Each volume is numbered separately. In the eighth part, there are navigational indexes by authors, editors, reviewers, etc. Short annotations were provided if the title and subtitle did not give a clear representation of the work. Smirnov, N. Bibliograficheskie Materialy: opic knig, broshiur i statei biblioteki is a very important source since it was the only work that had bibliographical information for that time period.
This bibliography is based on the Imperial Public Library and the private library of P. Book sellers also participated in this bibliography as they gave Smirnov hard to find items. Thus, he was able to get limited print runs of books and periodicals and include them in his bibliography. Bibliograficheskie Materialy: opic knig, broshiur i statei biblioteki is divided by subjects.
Since some books fell under more than one subject, Smirnov gave cross references to other chapters at the end of each chapter. Each entry includes year of publication, printing house, number of pages and format, and also a brief summary of its contents. Moskva: Izd-vo Vsesoiuznoi knizhnoi palata, These bibliographies of bibliographies contain extremely useful sources for research on almost any subject in Russia and the former Soviet Union. They include the following sources: a separately published bibliographic works; b current bibliographic publications; c vnutriknizhnye i vnutrizhurnalnye bibliographical indexes, lists, and reviews; d priknizhnye i pristateinye bibliographic lists; and e historical reviews.
The table of contents has changed since hence the sections on library and information science have fallen under different main headings and sub-headings. From , library studies was under different main headings such as Kultura, Pechat. Poligrafiia , and Pechat. Bibliotechnoe delo. Ukazateli literatury; Bibliotechnoe delo. Bibliotekovedenie ; and Rukopisi. Redkie knigi sub-headings changed slightly year to year.
Be aware that in sections were divided under the Russian internal classification system; however, headings and sub-headings were still very similar. Mezer, A. Slovarnyi Ukazatel po Knigovedeniiu is a dictionary index containing more than two hundred entries. Chronologically material for this index ends in , but a few entries are from are included. Included were only bibliographic works of general character. Mezer omitted highly specialized bibliographies and only gave a limited description of journals and newspapers that were described by A.
Neustroev Ukaztel k russkim povremennym izdaniiam i sbornikam za i k istoricheskomu rozyskaniiu o nikh , Slavic Reference Mezer attempted to provide extra information that one cannot find in those two works. Slovarnyi Ukazatel po Knigovedeniiu contains articles, periodicals, catalogs, bibliographies, lists, spravochnik, indexes, trudy, etc. Mezer included both general periodicals and those of a book and library nature.
Entries begin with a slash then author, name of the journal, book, etc, and more bibliographic information. It can be a little difficult to sort through the entries, but it is well worth it due to the wealth of information included in each entry.
Different types of fonts were used to make entries more readable. Underground and revolutionary journals are not described separately but are subsumed under the entry for foreign journals. The Soviet periodical press can be found in the addendum Dopoleniia , str.
Chronologically, material stops in , but in special cases literature from was included. Exceptions were books and journal articles which talked about the underground revolutionary press because at that time this area was just being studied.
There were new entries such as avtor as well as new information for entries given in the Ukazatel. New entries reflected new areas of research such as bibliosotsiologii and biblioekonomiki. There were many new entries having to do with journalism and newspaper publishing in general. There was also some reshuffling of material. For example, bibliographic and library journals were moved into the heading knigovedcheskie zhurnaly with a whole series of subheadings p.
The entry names themselves provide distinctions between information about Russia and other republics of the former Soviet Union such as biblioteki natsmenshinstv. Names of famous censors such as Krasovskogo and other more minor ones were included. At the end of Volumes 1, 2, and 3, there are lists of spisok slov that gives concepts and terms with cross references and page numbers for that particular volume. In volume 3, in response to criticism from the Soviet press, the publisher apologized for some of the content in volumes 1 and 2 as it did not meet the newly defined goals of knizhnogo stroitelstva.
As a result, there is a lengthy supplement containing information about proclamations and the underground press at the end of volume 3. The publisher also told that there was no name index included in volumes ; however, one would be published as a separate entity in unfortunately, this was never published. Sikorskii glav. This one-volume encyclopedia lists entries involving all aspects of book related issues such as the history of the book, book trade, publishing, and library science in Russia.
Some entries stand by themselves and others such as book trade and publishing are composed of several parts each with its own sub-title. After entry titles of foreign persons or journals, names and titles are also given in their original language. As most encyclopedias, articles are arranged in alphabetical order.
Illustrations are located in the text of the entries and as separate insets. Especially valuable are the detailed bibliographies provided after most entries. Knigovedenie: entsiklopedicheskii slovar has an extensive index that includes names, institutions, businesses, organizations, societies, periodicals, and continuing publications on book studies.
In addition, names of literary figures, political personalities, scientists, artists, cultural figures, editors, bibliographers, librarians, etc. Page numbers are either in bold representing a separate entry or plain type representing only a brief mention.
This encyclopedia also offers a short index of non-Russian terms in the Latin alphabet, an abbreviation list, and an author list. Glavnyi redaktor V. Zharkov, , p. This one-volume encyclopedia is an update of the previously mentioned encyclopedia by N.
It consists of a single series of articles, arranged in alphabetical order, covering the whole range of book-related topics: the history of the book and publishing in Russia and other countries, including those that have emerged with the breakup of the Soviet Union; biographies of key Russian and foreign figures in publishing; book arts and the technical, legal, and aesthetic aspects of book publishing and bibliography; libraries; publishing houses; organizations; and historical and theoretical articles on a variety of topics.
Articles range in length from one to two paragraphs to a few pages in length. As with the Knigovedenie: entsiklopedicheskii slovar , some entries are composed of several parts each with its own sub-title. In addition, the volume is beautifully illustrated with many of the pictures in color. Most entries supply at least one or two citations to important literature on the subject with some providing very detailed bibliographies. As Knigovedenie: entsiklopedicheskii slovar , Kniga: Entsiklopediia has an extensive index that includes names, institutions, businesses, organizations, societies, periodicals, and continuing publications on book studies.
Compiled by M. Saringulian, , Anglo-russkii bibliotechno-bibliograficheskii slovar contains more than 11, terms and other words used in library and bibliographical work, an extensive section of abbreviations from library literature in English, spravochnye tablitsy , and several hundred individual illustrations depicting terms from fundamental ideas.
Besides library and bibliographical terms, the dictionary also gives terms and abbreviations regarding printing trades, book publishing, book trade, photography, micro-reproduction, sound recordings, and cinematography. Compiled by V. Sakharov and T. Sokolova, Anglo-russkii slovar bibliotechnykh terminov contains more than 1, terms. Terms from library science and bibliography, typography, publishing, and the history of the book are included.
To present a complete review of specialist terms, the authors included elementary words such as book and library and other words one often comes across in library literature. Compiled by John V. Richardson, , p. Anglo-russkii slovar po bibliotechnoi i informatsionnoi deiatelnosti contains words and expressions used in library and information areas. Terms from the following disciplines are included: bibliography, book trade, graphics, information science and computer technics, publishing and typographical matters, and also telecommunications.
Terms from various disciplines were selected in accordance with their use in library science. Slang is not included. Terms are given in English with a Russian translation. A list of literature consulted is provided. Simon, Konstantin Romanovich. Bibliografiia Osnovnye Poniatiia i Terminy contains specialized terms and expressions on the theory of bibliography. Some entries have a short bibliography, which are very useful to the researcher. At the end of the book, there is a bibliography that gives further sources for the study of bibliographical terminology and history.
Redatsionnaia kollegiia N. Kartashov et al. Suslova, L. Ulanova, Bibliotechnoe Delo: Terminologicheskii Slovar was published ten years after the appearance of Slovar bibliotechnykh terminov by O. During that time, the terminological system of library studies had become very dynamic and had changed greatly. In all areas of library terminology, new terms were popping up constantly. For example, there was a whole new group of terms connected with central bibliographic networks such as vnytrisistemnyi obmen, edinyi fond tsentralizovannoi bibliotechnoi sistemy, mezhvedomstvennaia tsentralizatsiia, mezhzavodskaia i mezhsoiuznaia biblioteka, bibliotechnyi territorialnyi kompleks , etc.
One can also find other ideas and notions that had not occupied such importance in library science before. The meanings of terms such as bibliotechnoe resursi had broadened greatly to reflect the radical restructuring of the conceptual apparatus of library matters. In addition, new laws clearly defined terms such as library, library systems, and nauchno-metodicheskaia rabota.
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